High temperatures increase the rate of chemical reactions which cause deterioration. support@iprojectmaster.com +234 814 010 7220 +233 55 397 8005. Share to . causes for deterioration of stones. All Archival institution. and protection of records and archives, particularly those materials housed in archival repositories. particulate matter are the greatest causes of deterioration to library materials. archive materials, published and unpublished, in all formats are preserved in accessible form for as long as possible (IFLA-PAC China Centre, 2006 . PRESERVATION OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS IN NATIONAL ARCHIVES ENUGU. Due to the hydrogen ion present in the archival materials (internal or external factors), the archive suffer from acidity which causes deterioration of many valuable rare books and manuscripts and lead to their complete loss Thus, neutralization of the acid content of the archival material is essential. For fragile items, a rigid support should be provided instead of directly handling them especially in moving the items. Deterioration occurs due to natural causes for example moisture, dryness, acid, alkalis, The findings of the study revealed that people do not make proper use of the archives due to inadequate choice of materials, bad atmospheric conditions, inadequate staff, and lack of proper awareness on the use of archival materials time constraints etc. The science of records controls has to face at least three central issues such as 1 The determination of types of removed from agencies of origin. According to A Glossary for Archivists, Manuscript Curators, and . The rate of deterioration depends on the resisting capability of materials.. Any preservation work done to records and archives must not be detectable and revisable 1.b) Reasons why records, information materials and archival materials are preserved. . Controlling air quality is difficult. Deterioration of materials by Prevention of Deterioration Center (U.S.), 1954, Reinhold Pub. High relative humidity also causes oxidation of silver content in film and metal compounds in audio and video tape. Table 4.2: The causes of deterioration of materials in the library . . Never write on documents with a marker or pen. ABSTRACT Preservation of Archival materials is very important and very essential for prolonging of information and knowledge form one generation PRESERVATION OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS IN NATIONAL ARCHIVES ENUGU - FREE PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS FOR FINAL YEAR, OND, HND, B.sc, MBA, Phd and MSc RESEARCH WORKS. To outline the central steps involved in managing materials in different media. When a roof isn't properly maintained, it won't last as long as expected. Disclaimer: This essay has been written and submitted by students and is not an example of our work. The module discusses the importance of environmental protection and high-quality storage and handling practices. N7onr-29127) and the Prevention of Deterioration Center, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council. To outline the key steps that can be taken to prevent or reduce harm to archives. [Pg.3715] Error in the pH of the standard buffer. It examines the reasons for the degradation of archival materials and discusses methods to slow or stop deterioration. Project Topics, Project Materials, Hire a Writer, Download Free Final Year Research in Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, NCE, HND, B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D Humidity, temperature, light and air-borne pollutants all contribute to the deterioration of archival materials. All Archival institution. 9. To identify the cause of deterioration of archival materials. Fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity are also damaging. Deterioration in library concept is a complex subject considering different materials used in making of prints and non-prints materials in the library. An illustration of a horizontal line over an up pointing arrow. preservation of library materials in public libraries; development of public library in nigeria with reference to imo state central library, owerri; users patronage in the institute of management and technology, enugu library ; the problems and prospect of reference services in academic libraries in anambra state A biochemical attack is usually a crucial factor High relative humidity (for example, above 60 percent) encourages the growth of mold and other fungi on film-based materials, whose binders are derived from organic compounds. 4) To determine the causes of deterioration of archival materials in National Archives Enugu Branch. Developed in the mid-1990s the agents were first published by Stefan Michalski in 1990 [1] (they were later expanded with the addition of the final agent by Waller in 1995 [2] ), the 10 Agents of Deterioration define the main forces acting on objects to cause deterioration. Dust composed of soil, tar, metallic substances, fungus spores and moisture among other things. Food Spoilage. Pulp-Wood: Pulp-wood represents the wood which is used to manufacture paper. Leather 8. The obsolescence of a building can be caused by several factors, including the decline of a neighborhood or the advent of new technology. Papers are often folded, bent, or rolled. Light can affect the stability of archival materials. Interview method was used in the study, where some of the staff were interviewed to know how they preserve records (materials) and also the durability and effectiveness of the preservative measures in . A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building faade. PRESERVATION OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS IN NATIONAL ARCHIVES ABSTRACT Preservation of Archival materials is very important and very essential for prolonging of. If deterioration is not checked or is allowed to occur, decomposition of materials results and replacement becomes the only solution. Hydrolysis leads to a decrease in material cohesion and a change in porous structure. 10. Factors identified to cause deterioration of library and archival materials in the Delta region of Nigeria are discussed. Light speeds up the oxidation of paper records causing materials to deteriorate faster. It is the general opinion of librarians and . Due to the capital-intensive nature of maintaining a sewer system as well as the severe societal and . . Photographs and negatives sustain damage from oily fingers. Light also has a bleaching action causing colouring papers and inks to whiten or fade. High relative humidity (above 60-65%) can accelerate chemical deterioration and promote mold growth. Pollutants can cause photographs to fade, while particulate matter can abrade the surface of the image. "An unsuitable storage environment is one of the commonest causes of damage to archives." - PD5454:2012 Guide for the storage and exhibition of archival materials. Practice varies but elimination usually occur before transferring records from the agency of origin. Tapa is constructed of organic fibers, therefore susceptible to damage from insects, mold, acidic pollutants, extreme heat, light and dust. It can bleed through to the other side or can complicate future conservation work. books journals which are resources of information therefore they should be . High acidity levels 29(78.3%) 3(8.1%) 5(13.5%) 2. Poor Handling and Storage: Records are easily damaged through handling and improper storage. Physically - induced deterioration is caused by freeze-thaw loads, non-uniform volume changes, temperature gradients, abrasion, erosion, or cavitation. Metal Corrosion 9. What is Deterioration? archives, books and other library materials which constitute the documentary source. Air pollution can also contribute to the deterioration of records and archives. The different types of deterioration of the paper based materials are reflected in wear and tear, shrinkage, cracks, brittleness, warping, bioinfestation, discoloration, abrasion, hole, dust. A number of preservation and restoration practices available immediately are discussed. The cause of damages and deterioration of the Archival materials which includes chemical, physical and biological agents were also discussed. Material # 1. Preservation of Archival Materials in National Archives. Air pollution can be a serious hazard to records and An illustration of a magnifying glass. It is a good rule to use only pencils when working on, or around, archival materials as pens and markers can cause staining. The design life of a sewer system is several decades. 09080008483 www.projectng.com. Select Currency See below for a list of vendors that sell archival-quality supplies. Wood Deterioration 10. Deterioration of materials: causes and preventive techniques; by , unknown edition, Deterioration or decay is the development of defects in a structure that may be due to natural causes of ageing. The graffiti and different scribbles on partitions of many buildings might look inventive to many however they really are inflicting constructions to deteriorate.Vandalism may additionally check with human actions in buildings that straight trigger damages to the constructions or components thereof. Cultural property preserved in indoor environments, such as libraries and archives, are subject to a particularly high risk of biodeterioration effects of the physical state of the artefact and,. - The purpose of this paper is to review the current state of research on the various biological agents that could cause deterioration of paper materials and possible intervention strategies against these biotic agents in the tropics., - Recent literature in the tropics is reviewed to gain insight into the problems that confront libraries in the tropics as regards the biological . The major causes of deterioration of paper materials in acidity. Low relative humidity (below 40%) can cause shrinking, warping, cracking, embrittlement and desiccation. Building Obsolescence. Rapid and serious deterioration of paper is caused by the oxidation of cellulose brought about by the ultraviolet rays in sunlight and fluorescent light. High humidity, generally over 60%, will cause mold to grow, metals to corrode, and encourage pest infestations, while very low humidity, under 20%, will cause materials to become brittle . Compendium of information: they materials reflect social and economic and political life e.g. Air pollutants contribute heavily to the deterioration of library and archival materials. Fine dry particles of any matter present in the air are known as dust. The success of any institution rests squarely on the adequacy of the institution's library collections because the library is also seen as an agency for scholarship and research. Deleterious substances present in the air such as in the atmosphere near the seashores and industrial areas. It is necessary to wear clean cotton gloves or close-fitting surgical gloves to handle them. The science of records controls has to face at least three central issues such as 1 The determination of types of removed from agencies of origin. This absorbed acid caused a material decrease in the strength of the . Deterioration can be physical (such as a ceramic breaking) or chemical . S/N STATEMENT SA/A U SD/D 1. They include the influence of the environment, the physical and chemical effect of the paper used and the devastating effects of animals and plants. Environmental Factors: * Temperature * Light * Relative Humidity * Atmospheric Pollutants * Water 5. The biological factors that cause deterioration include biochemical effects and intrusion by different organisms. The intellectual elements describe the content of the archival materials, including the title, arrangement, function and use, scope and content, dates, control numbers, access and use restrictions, and other access points such as geography, language, subject, and record types. An illustration of a magnifying glass. Fibers in the paper are broken into smaller and smaller units until they are so short they . What causes the deterioration? Heavy and oversized items must be transported on trolley. Preservation is a crucial element in the whole operation of a record management procedure. The cause of damages and deterioration of the Archival materials which includes chemical, physical and biological agents were also discussed. HOME; PROJECT TOPICS; DOWNLOAD; REQUEST PROJECT; HIRE A WRITER; JOB; NEWS; BLOG; Please click this link to view samples of our professional work witten by our professional essay writers.Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of EssayCompany. Factors identified to cause deterioration of library and archival materials in the Delta region of Nigeria are discussed. The same goes for the tenants of a commercial building. The causes of deterioration of bibliographic resources are traced to inherent factors, external factors and structural failure. Chemical Deterioration: Due to the H ion nowadays in the archival stuffs ( internal or external factors ) , the archive suffer from sourness which causes impairment of many valuable rare books and manuscripts and lead to their complete loss Thus, neutralisation of the acerb content of the archival stuff is indispensable. As an example, when a person straight destroy . Within a storage area these factors can be controlled and monitored to According to M.C. Rubber 7. Causes of Deterioration. Large and frequent fluctuations in relative humidity can cause shrinkage, warping, splitting and general aging of organic materials. material and/or change of its chemical composition. Paper that becomes brittle or crumbly causes serious loss and expense to libraries, archives, and public offices charged with the keeping and storage of historical and legal records, important books, and scientific publications. Pollutants can corrode metals or chip and destroy wood items. Compare to external factor, inherent factor is the biggest responsible for deterioration of archival materials. The responsibility of the Federal Government, of the National Library and of other libraries throughout Nigeria is emphasised. It has five primary aims. The finding further revealed that dusting, cleaning and proper shelving are the major techniques adopted . Knowing the Agents of Deterioration and preventing them is important for private collectors as well so they might preserve family treasures for future generations. . Archival materials should therefore be always handled with care. Paper clips, binder clips and post-it notes should not be used on archival materials. The causes of deterioration of air . Extremely low relative humidity, which can occur in winter in centrally heated buildings, may lead to desiccation and embrittlement of some materials. Onwubiko, the main factor in inherent factor is acidity that contain in the paper itself or from the atmosphere. Fluctuations in relative humidity cause materials to expand and contract as they absorb and release water which can lead to mechanical damage. preservation of this documentary heritage should know the various causes of deterioration of information materials and the possible methods for their preservation. 2 The time of disposition 3 The manner of disposition. PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS; 09080008483 info@projectng.com. Major Causes of Deterioration of Library Materials Environmental Factors Biological Factors Chemical Factors Human Factors Disasters 4. smoke hazardous to cellulose and can cause deterioration of library materials. Air purity is especially a concern in an urban environment. There are two effects of light on paper that result in its ultimate embrittlement and deterioration. 6) To suggest the ways the Archival Institution can encourage the staff and users of the archives for optimal utilization of the materials. The causes of deterioration in quality of active ingredient could be due to incompatibility with excipients, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and racemization to name a few. The history of books or library materials deterioration is as old as the history of books invention. They include the influence of the environment, the physical and chemical effect of the paper used and the devastating effects of animals and plants. Factor Responsible For Deterioration of Defense (contract no. Preservation Of Archival Materials In National Archives Enugu. If it isn't regularly cleaned, for instance, debris can accumulate and clog up drains, which causes water to pond and weaken the roofing . For a variety of reasons, such as the effects of (bio)chemical deterioration, ageing, and the loss of soil support, the structural integrity of concrete sewer pipes degrades with time. Chemically-induced deterioration consists of carbonation, corrosion of steel reinforcement, sulfate and acid attacks, or alkali-aggregate reactions. The Resource Deterioration of materials: : causes and preventive techniques;, a collaboration under the joint auspices of the Services Technical Committee of the Dept. associated with maintaining library and archival materials for use either in their original physical form or in some other usable way, while conservation is one aspect of preservation activity as it . Corp. edition, in English The materials of which library and archive collections are composed, namely paper, parchment, palm leaves, birch bark, leather and adhesives used in bookbinding, are susceptible to two main forms of deterioration. 3. 2 The time of disposition 3 The manner of disposition. 5) To find out the methods of arrangement and description of the archival materials for proper utilization. Chemical Deterioration: Due to the hydrogen ion present in the archival materials (internal or external factors), the archive suffer from acidity which causes deterioration of many valuable rare books and manuscripts and lead to their complete loss Thus, neutralization of the acid content of the archival material is essential. Custom made archival materials such as mat board, storage boxes tissue and paper are available which do not contain acids. . The particles become lodged into the surface of the materials with paper-based materials, films or tapes, or other archives; because of their abrasive and acidic nature, they weaken the materials through physical and chemical activity. At the same time light can increase the chemical activity in causing changes in colour. materials should be stored away from outside walls to allow circulation and that storing materials in basements or areas of high relative humidity should be avoided. Below is a basic summary of the 10 Agents of Deterioration in no particular order: Physical Force Theft and Vandalism Neglect Fire Water Pests Pollutants Light Incorrect Temperatures Project Material in PDF & Doc. It has been estimated that almost about 10% of all the paper-wood cut is deteriorated by the action of microorganisms, particularly fungi. Library and archival materials are hygroscopic, readily absorbing and releasing moisture. Practice varies but elimination usually occur before transferring records from the agency of origin. Deterioration of materials: causes and preventive techniques; Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. the mechanisms and causes of paper deterioration is a discussion of the chemical structure of paper and how this breaks down as it ages, this article also delves into issues such as ph, the effects of light, acid deterioration, the use of alkaline buffers and molecular traps (zeolites), and finishes with a brief history of archival papers in the Download Research Paper PDF with Journal and Citations from Chapters 1 to 5 Today, leading roof cleaning and replacement company Earl W. Johnston Roofing, LLC explains some of the common causes behind roof deterioration: Not Doing Regular Maintenance . When this happens, a building can lose its utility, leading to poor maintenance. 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