Cardiac silhouette refers to the outline of the heart as seen on frontal and lateral chest radiographs and forms part of the cardiomediastinal contour.. Differential diagnosis. Silhouette sign is somewhat of a misnomer and in the true sense actually denotes the loss of a silhouette, thus, it is sometimes also known as loss of silhouette sign or loss of outline sign 4.. Tubes come in a variety of sizes and have a balloon at the tip to ensure that gastric contents are not aspirated into the lungs.Adult tubes are usually approximately 1 cm in diameter. by fluid) and thus Clinical presentation. Lobar consolidation is the term used to describe consolidation in one of the lobes of the lung. Central venous catheters (CVC), also known as central venous lines (CVL), refer to a wide range of catheters that are inserted so that their distal tips lie in a central vein.Central venous access devices can broadly be divided into four categories. Lung cancer (primary lung cancer), or frequently if somewhat incorrectly known as bronchogenic carcinoma, is a broad term referring to the main histological subtypes of primary lung malignancies that are mainly linked with inhaled carcinogens, with cigarette smoke being a key culprit. Epidemiology. Tree-in-bud sign is not generally visible on plain radiographs 2.. A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that It is now considered the most common histological subtype in terms of prevalence, causing 38.5% of all cases 9. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by lymphocyte predominant infiltration of the lungs. hypopharynx or parapharyngeal space. The most common cause is metastases from ovarian, gastric, or colon cancer. Round atelectasis, also known as rounded atelectasis, folded lung or Blesovsky syndrome, is an unusual type of lung atelectasis where there is infolding of a redundant pleura. They may be inserted by medical, surgical, anesthetic/ICU, or radiology specialists. The system is similar to the Fleischner criteria but designed for the subset of patients intended for low-dose For a general discussion please refer to the article on lobar collapse. Implantable cardiac conduction devices (also known as cardiac implantable electronic devices or CIEDs) are a very common medical device of the thorax, with over one million implanted in the United States of America alone.. This entity is most commonly encountered in patients with longstanding asthma, and only occasionally in patients with cystic fibrosis 4,5.. Only rarely does it appear in patients with no other identifiable pulmonary illness 5.. The disease occurs in two clinical forms that are subdivided by their temporal relationship to the exposure to silica: acute silicosis: manifests as alveolar silicoproteinosis classic silicosis: manifests as a chronic interstitial reticulonodular disease The classic form is much more common than the acute form and can be classified as simple or A core biopsy may be helpful if the primary tumor is unknown. Asbestosis typically occurs 10-15 years following the commencement of exposure to asbestos and is dose related 3.Heavy asbestos exposure is predominantly encountered among men, as most exposures are occupational in the setting of construction, mining, or ship/automotive industries. Pulmonary edema is a broad descriptive term and is usually defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular compartments of the lung 1. In general, patients are young and are diagnosed before the age of 40 years 9.. Evaluate the hila for lymphadenopathy, calcifications, and masses.The left hilum is normally higher than the right. from joint: 5-10%. The gastric bubble should be seen clearly and not displaced.. Hila and mediastinum. This article will broadly discuss all the histological subtypes as a group, focusing on Amiodarone lung is an interstitial lung disease seen in patients being administered the cardiac drug amiodarone and can manifest in a number of histopathologic patterns. The differential attenuation of x-ray photons by two adjacent structures defines the silhouette, e.g. Pathology It is usually visible on standard CT, however, it is best seen on HRCT chest. The aortic knob should be clearly seen. lymphoma can present as omental caking, diffuse peritoneal thickening, and ascites, the best clue is significant lymphadenopathy Epidemiology. Bronchiectasis (plural: bronchiectases) is defined as an irreversible abnormal dilatation of the bronchial tree. Endotracheal tubes (ETT) are wide-bore plastic tubes that are inserted into the trachea to allow artificial ventilation. Pathology. CNS. tuberculous peritonitis may also give this appearance. Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a histopathologic and radiologic pattern of interstitial lung disease, which is the hallmark pattern for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).. On imaging, usual interstitial pneumonia usually presents with a lung volume loss and an apicobasal gradient of peripheral septal thickening, bronchiectasis, and honeycombing. Check aortic size and shape and the outlines of pulmonary vessels. azygos fissure: most commonly seen accessory fissure; inferior accessory fissure tuberculous peritonitis may also give this appearance. The cervicothoracic sign is a variation of the silhouette sign on frontal chest radiography used to determine whether a superior (para)mediastinal soft tissue mass is anterior or posterior to the trachea.. A positive cervicothoracic sign occurs when a thoracic lesion contacts the neck or extends into it, thereby obliterating the upper borders of the lesion on Epidemiology. Differential diagnosis. Synovial sarcoma is one of the (less common) causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. head and neck: 5%. It has a variety of underlying causes, with a common etiology of chronic inflammation. from soft tissues: 90-95%. extremities: 80-95% 1. lower limb: 60-70%. Cannonball metastases refer to multiple large, well-circumscribed, round pulmonary metastases that appear not unsurprisingly like cannonballs. It is considered the most common cause of heart borders against the adjacent lung segments, and it is the pathological Right middle lobe collapse (or simply termed middle lobe collapse) has distinctive features, but can be subtle on frontal chest radiographs. pulmonary valve stenosis; pulmonary arterial hypertension; atrial septal defect (ASD) ventricular In general, patients are young and are diagnosed before the age of 40 years 9.. This entity is most commonly encountered in patients with longstanding asthma, and only occasionally in patients with cystic fibrosis 4,5.. Only rarely does it appear in patients with no other identifiable pulmonary illness 5.. Accessory fissures of the lung usually occur at the borders of bronchopulmonary segments.They are common normal variants but are less commonly seen on imaging. The size and shape of the cardiac silhouette provide useful clues for underlying disease. Epidemiology. Typically the centrilobular nodules are 2-4 mm in diameter and peripheral, within 5 mm of the pleural surface. Lung-RADS (Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System), is a classification proposed to aid with findings in low-dose CT screening exams for lung cancer.The goal of the classification system is to standardize follow-up and management decisions. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term that encompasses a large number of disorders that are characterized by diffuse cellular infiltrates in a periacinar location.The spectrum of conditions included is broad, ranging from occasional self-limited inflammatory processes to severe debilitating fibrosis of the lungs. enteric - enteric adenocarcinoma of the lung / primary pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma; Epidemiology. Air bronchogram refers to the phenomenon of air-filled bronchi (dark) being made visible by the opacification of surrounding alveoli (grey/white). It is one of the many patterns of lung opacification and is equivalent to the pathological diagnosis of pulmonary consolidation.. It infers an alveolar spread of disease and is most commonly due to pneumonia. Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture.. The neonatal chest radiograph in the exam setting may strike fear into the heart of many radiology registrars, but it need not! tongue: rare 9 (synovial sarcoma of the tongue) conjunctiva 3. Hampton hump refers to a dome-shaped, pleural-based opacification in the lung most commonly due to pulmonary embolism and lung infarction (it can also result from other causes of pulmonary infarction (e.g. There are two major types of cardiac conduction devices: pacemakers and automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators Pulmonary edema is a broad descriptive term and is usually defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular compartments of the lung 1. On imaging, they have a variety of As such it is a subtype of atelectasis (collapse is not entirely synonymous with atelectasis, which is a more generic term for 'incomplete expansion'). Radiographic features. In radiological studies, it presents as increased attenuation of the Lobar collapse refers to the collapse of an entire lobe of the lung. Presentation tends to be with progressive shortness of breath and chronic cough 4.Inspiratory crackles are Great vessels / gastric bubble. The French terms "envole de ballons" and "lcher de ballons", which translate to "balloons release", are also used to describe this same appearance.Metastases with such an appearance are classically secondary to 1,2: upper limb: 15-25%. Some of the more common accessory fissure include 1:. Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) (historically also known as hypernephroma or Grawitz tumor) are primary malignant adenocarcinomas derived from the renal tubular epithelium and are the most common malignant renal tumor.They usually occur in 50-70-year old patients and macroscopic hematuria occurs in 60% of the cases. Right ventricular enlargement (also known as right ventricular dilatation (RVD)) can be the result of a number of conditions, including:. From the frontal projection, the cardiac silhouette can be divided into right and left borders: The most common cause is metastases from ovarian, gastric, or colon cancer. Radiographic features. It is classified as a subtype of interstitial lung disease. A core biopsy may be helpful if the primary tumor is unknown. Individual lobes of the lung may collapse due to obstruction of the supplying bronchus. vascular occlusion due to angioinvasive aspergillosis).. In all cases, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease is typically associated with heavy tobacco smoking (usually of 30 pack-years or more) and is often seen in young middle-aged patients (30-40 years of age).. Clinical presentation. It can occur in a variety of settings, including: trauma; osteoporosis; Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) It is almost always caused by a pathologic airspace/alveolar process, in which something other than air fills the alveoli. It is considered the most common cause of Terminology. The incidence of synchronous lung metastasis at initial cancer presentation is about 18 per 100,000, noting this figure does not include metachronous metastases (occurring after initial cancer staging) 8.The incidence is slightly higher in males (20 in 100,000) than females (16 in 100,000) 8.The specific Air space opacification is a descriptive term that refers to the filling of the pulmonary tree with material that attenuates x-rays more than the surrounding lung parenchyma.. Lung atelectasis (plural: atelectases) refers to collapse or incomplete expansion of pulmonary parenchyma. Location. Epidemiology. Lung metastases are common. 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